РАЗДЕЛ I. ТЕОРИЯ И МЕТОДИКА ОБУЧЕНИЯ И ВОСПИТАНИЯ (ПО ОБЛАСТЯМ И УРОВНЯМ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ) (ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ)
The article examines the readiness of teachers to work online in the current epidemiological situation in the world. The concept of digital literacy and culture of a foreign language teacher in the field of higher professional education is revealed. The levels of digital readiness of teachers to work in the information and educational environment of the university are revealed. The criteria of digital literacy of foreign language teachers are determined on the basis of working programs according to the standards of the new generation. An algorithm for the formation and development of digital literacy and teacher culture is being developed, which consists of the following stages: diagnosis, training, reflection. The aim of the work is to theoretically substantiate the problem of insufficient digital literacy of a foreign language teacher during a pandemic and to identify ways to increase the readiness of teachers to use digital technologies in the educational process. The purpose of this article was to identify the pedagogical and psychological reasons that hinder the development of communicative and digital competencies of participants in the educational pro cess in foreign language classes in this era. To solve the problem, advanced training courses for teachers were organized, followed by the creation of educational content. The methods used include a personal-activity approach that allows you to reveal the capabilities of a person in the process of professional activity; a competence-based approach that develops the ability to act taking into account the acquired knowledge and skills; a situational approach that requires productive resolution of problems in the current situation. The result of the developed methodology is the solution of educational and professional tasks by the teacher in a certain problem situation on the basis of the acquired competencies. The obtained results can be applied not only in higher professional education, but also in the preparation of graduates of secondary specialized educational institutions.
The article states the relevance of the formation of aesthetic taste among primary school students in the process of teaching raster computer graphics. Authors based on the analysis of psychological, pedagogical and methodological literature indicate that computer science has a great potential in forming the aesthetic taste which unfortunately often remains unclaimed. Thus the study of the most popular topic of the computer science course-computer graphics-within which one can successfully engage in aesthetic education is often reduced only to studying the functionality of graphic editors and teaching the basics of image processing. Following the above the authors formulate a contradiction, a problem, a subject, an object and a hypothesis of the article. The telecommunications project "Graphic Aesthete" was chosen as a means of achieving the goal. Authors describe its goal, scenario and examples of the implementation of the main stages in detail. In the article the working definitions of the key concepts are given: "aesthetics", "aesthetic taste", "telecommunications project". Authors describe the tasks that contribute to the development of aesthetic taste on such topics as "Color Correction", "Photo Collage", "Templates for photos", "Bokeh Effect". Students evaluate the results of their work guided by the manifestations of aesthetic taste which according to the authors of the article can be: determining the quality of photo; compliance with the norms of color correction, perspective, composition; a reasonable choice of the filters, effects, templates; evaluating the processed image from the point of view of harmony and unity. As a confirmation of the practical value of the study authors present the results of the pedagogical experiment during which an increase in the formation of indicators of aesthetic taste of students is shown. The materials of the article can be used in teaching computer graphics both in primary and high school as well as in higher and additional education.
In this article the authors address the problem of teaching the grammatical aspect of a foreign language speech, which does not lose its relevance for a long time. They see overcoming the contradictions that have developed in educational practice in the implementation of a set of optimal conditions that ensure the implementation of a communication-oriented approach in foreign language classes at school or a non-linguistic university. In the work the authors consider one of the possible conditions that sets the requirements for the target guidelines for teaching the grammar of a foreign language, and propose operations with syntaxemes as the content of grammatical skill. Syntaxeme as the minimal unit has three dimensions (it has syntactic, morphological and semantic characteristics), it is indivisible, therefore the sentence can be considered as a combination of syntaxemes. This makes it possible for an integrated over level analysis of the sentence: there is no need to divide the sentence into syntactic and semantic levels, which greatly facilitates the construction of oral and written statements in a foreign language for students. In the process of implementing the experimental work in a group of students preparing for professional activity in the field of tourism, grammatical word forms with the typical meaning of location, time, object, subject, etc. were identified; receptive and productive grammatical skills have been defined as subject learning outcomes of the grammatical aspect of English speech; a system of exercises and tasks for the formation and development of grammatical skills has been developed and is currently being tested. Involving students in carrying out semantic and syntactic types of analysis of the functional units under consideration contributes to awareness and stability in mastering grammatical skills, both receptive and productive, reduces the level of tension in performing speech actions.
The article discusses the main problems of the formation of information competence of teachers in the process of developing an electronic educational environment. It is important to keep in mind that its goal (also called instructional technologies) is to improve education. Various frameworks, models and teaching methods have been explored over the years to guide teacher educators and their efforts to create digital experiences for learners who can use the latest technology in the learning process. The theoretical analysis made it possible to reveal the degree of knowledge of the problem under consideration. We came to the conclusion that the formation of information competence of teachers in the process of developing an electronic educational environment occurs at the initial stage of training future teachers, where the basic fundamental knowledge that requires further development is laid. The novelty of this article lies in the theoretical analysis of modern scientific works and the development of recommendations for increasing the level of information competence of teachers. The aim of the work is to analyze the problem of the formation of information competence of teachers in the process of developing an electronic educational environment. The methods used include theoretical analysis, synthesis, deduction, comparison. The result is the identification of the main components of digital competence and the analysis of the European model of teacher competencies in terms of digital literacy. The results obtained can be applied to the organization of professional development of teachers and in the preparation of
future teachers in universities. The author of the article came to the conclusion that the attention of the pedagogical community is directed to the urgent formation of new digital competence and its components. In modern conditions, teachers need to learn as quickly as possible, master modern technologies, master new teaching and interaction tools, and also introduce all effective teaching formats into their daily work. Therefore, it is important to develop the information competence of the teacher during the development of an electronic environment that will contribute to the effective implementation of pedagogical practice at school.
In the modern world and in our country, a new technological order is being formed. This affects the general education system and, above all, technological education at schools. To work in these conditions, a new technology teacher with creative pedagogical competence is necessary. A feature of the new technological order in Russia is the use of automated and robotic industries, where the employee interacts with them using intelligent computerized control systems. This should have an impact on the subject area "Technology". The main activity of schoolchildren mastering new technologies is technological creativity. It is understood as technological activity with elements of utility and novelty, aimed at design, research and management of technical objects, systems, processes and their information models. However, the training of a technology teacher in pedagogical universities lags behind the requirements for his qualifications. To improve the training of a technology teacher at Omsk State Pedagogical University, an educational program has been developed with two training profiles - Technology and Robotics. During development of the educational program, changes in the content of technological education in a general education school, the requirements to form technological literacy and technological culture in a technology teacher, to prepare him for technological creativity in the conditions of the formation of a new technological order were taken into account. The main goal is the formation of pedagogical creative competence as professional and subject, and on its basis – the formation of universal and general professional creative competences as metasubject.
The article discusses the main features of the formation of functional literacy among students of a pedagogical university within the framework of the French language disciplines. When developing functional literacy in a future teacher, all components identified in the structure of functional literacy are taken into account (mathematical literacy, natural science literacy, creative thinking, financial literacy, global competencies, reading literacy). In the course of classes in the French language, educational tasks are developed aimed at the formation of all components of functional literacy, which ultimately allows to achieve the formation of functional literacy in a student of a pedagogical university. The need for the formation of functional literacy among future teachers of a foreign language in the course of studying special language disciplines («Foreign language (French)», «Culture of verbal communication in French», «Features of teaching a second foreign language in secondary school», «Workshop on the methodology teaching French», «Literature of the countries of the target language (French)», «Lexicology (French)», «Professional communication in French»), which are presented in the curriculum, starting from the first year. In addition, the article presents the main positions that must be taken into account when drawing up tasks for the formation of functional literacy, such as: focus on the development of critical thinking, focus on the development of communication skills, focus on expanding the horizons of the future teacher, taking into account the ability to participate in discussions and organizing the cognitive process. The article concluded that the formation of functional literacy in future teachers of the French language is today the main task of a pedagogical university, since in addition to subject competencies, a future teacher should have competencies in the field of functional literacy so that he is able to form and develop functional literacy. literacy among students.
This paper solves the problem of organizing the educational process in the context of e-learning for the range of natural and scientific, mathematical and philological disciplines via the implementing the optimal combination of video conference services on Omsk State Pedagogical university educational platform.
According to the research, the specificity of e-learning technologies and the features of the implementation of educational programs were analyzed according to the requirements of the official documents of the university and the Russian Federation.
For the information processing and the analysis, an analytical summary table was developed, consisting of four basic blocks: technical, resource, communication and control. The particular attention was paid to the specifics of the options used as well as the functionality of the analyzed video conference services. The table is based on the model element of BBB video conference, in relation to which the analysis of the functionality and the optimal combination of options for services was carried out.
In the five main video conference services proposed there were specific elements that allow to carry diagnostics during a session in a virtual room, to work with analytical information during the lectures, to organize work with formulas and documents of an extended range of formats, to control PTZ cameras and the desktop of the participants during the conference, as well as using the technology of combining images of chroma key for various purposes. The communicative block has been supplemented with options for organizing various types of chats, surveys and tests, the results of which can be presented in the form of a bar or line chart.
The results of the analysis enable teachers to customize the lessons, basing on the peculiarities of the presentation of the material as well as the technical characteristics.
Based on the analysis of literary sources, the article gives characteristics and indicates the relationship between e-learning, distance, traditional learning with elements of e-learning and blended learning. An approach is described and illustrated in which blended learning is distinguished within the framework of e-learning based on the combination of learning formats determined by the time characteristics of the interaction of subjects of the educational process (synchronous and asynchronous), requiring different degrees of manifestation of regulatory universal educational actions. The levels of development of regulatory universal educational actions are described through comparison with the forms of manifestation of personality regulation. The synchronous format of the work assumes the leading role of the teacher with low self-regulation of students. Asynchronous activity of students, organized through an electronic information and educational environment, requires significant independence from them. Blended learning, including the features of each of these two formats of work, allows for a smooth and consistent transition from the involuntary to the volitional form of students' regulatory skills.
The implementation of models of blended math learning allows us to reveal the components of regulatory universal actions: goal setting, design, forecasting, control, correction and evaluation. The article uses the «Flipped classroom» model of blended learning as an example. Within the framework of this model, the possibilities of blended learning for the development of regulatory universal actions of students in teaching mathematics are described. Such opportunities are conditioned, for example, when organizing independent home work, through the interactive nature of the presentation of educational information, training tests, the teacher's allocation of only the necessary level of knowledge when specifying additional sources, through a system of questions and tasks.
РАЗДЕЛ II. ЭКОНОМИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НАРОДНЫМ ХОЗЯЙСТВОМ (ПО ОТРАСЛЯМ И СФЕРАМ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ) (ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ)
The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical and methodological basis of economic security and its conditionality with existing economic theories and concepts. The article deals with the issues of the influence of the Cameralist concept, Keynesianism, "modern" neoclassicism, institutionalism and neo-institutionalism on the theoretical justification of economic security. The characteristics considered in economic exercises relate to the main goals of economic security, its main threats, as well as ways to ensure it at the state level. Special attention is paid to the Russian practice of forming elements of the conceptual foundations of economic security. The current and previous strategies of national and economic security are analyzed, including the indicators used in these strategies related to economic growth, resistance to external and internal threats, the development of economic sectors, improving the quality and standard of living of the population.
To conduct the research, scientific methods of comparison and analysis of materials were used.
The main results of the research are reduced to the fact that the existing economic theories and concepts affect, within the framework of their "specialization", certain provisions, elements that can be considered as prerequisites for the modern conceptual justification of the economic security of an object (state, territory, region). Its own, independent theory of economic security, which is necessarily connected with traditional economic doctrines, is still developing its theoretical and methodological base, which is influenced by the transformational processes of the modern world economic system. The issue of the expediency of strict compliance of the economic security of the region (territory) with existing economic theories and concepts, as well as its place in the general theory of economic security, also remains a subject for further research.
The article discusses the concept of assessing the value of receivables. It is revealed that in the modern economic literature, theoretical aspects and features of the assessment of the value of receivables are poorly covered. It is described why the assessment of receivables can be carried out, who is the subject of the assessment. The methods for assessing accounts receivable (the method of analyzing the cumulative reduction ratio, the method of S.P. Yudintsev, the method of discounted cash flows, the coefficient method, the method of the Russian Society of Appraisers, the method of the Federal Debt Center of the Russian Federation, the method of the National Board of Appraisers, the method of M.V. Kruglov.), each of which has its own characteristics and disadvantages. The possibility of using the income, cost and comparative approach to assess the market value of receivables has been analyzed. The application of the income approach to assessing the value of receivables is substantiated based on the assessment of the value of future flows from receivables and the discount rate. The stages of determining the market value of receivables are described. The article considers the regulatory documents and bylaws of the Russian Federation, which regulate relations related to the determination of the market value of receivables (rights of claim). Revealed the absence of a special valuation standard that would regulate the relationship associated with the valuation of receivables. The purpose of writing a scientific article is to describe a model for assessing the value of receivables, which is necessary for the development of a multifactor methodology for assessing the value of a right of claim (including receivables). To substantiate the scientific research results in the field of assessing the market value of receivables, the author of the scientific article used scientific research works of foreign and domestic scientists and economists in this topic. Research methods are: grouping, comparison, analysis and synthesis. A model for assessing the value of receivables has been built based on a combination of factors that are directly related to the assessment of the value of receivables.
This article highlights and describes the problems of the state associated with the implementation of large-scale infrastructure projects. As a result, financial, personnel and social problems are shown, the solution of which has become a serious task for the regions of Russia. The author has studied the experience of interaction between the state and business abroad as an opportunity to create a technological and innovative base for infrastructure development. The article reveals the content of the concept of "public-private partnership" from the point of view of various authors. The article presents the models of interaction between the state and private business, the most typical for foreign countries: Great Britain, France, Germany, Turkey, the Netherlands, Canada, etc. The author comes to the conclusion that the interest in the interaction of public and private parties is the basis for solving socially significant tasks of society. The article establishes that the legislative framework of foreign countries in the field of public-private partnership differs depending on the economic development of the country. The United Kingdom is considered a "pioneer" in the formation of infrastructure facilities by transferring the functions of construction, reconstruction and operation of facilities under construction. The paper provides a generalized description of the most common areas of public-private partnership in foreign countries. Examples of positive experience of such interaction are given. One of the popular areas of public-private partnership is also the creation of a socially significant good. The author gives a generalized description of the formation of the principle of public-private partnership in Russia, tracing its formation. The paper reveals the forms of implementation of extra-budgetary funds in state projects. As a result of the research, the author identifies features specific to the partnership between the state and private business.
Over the past decades, the ways of developing a market system of economic relations used in commercial organizations have spread not only to organizations in other spheres (public and state), but also to larger units - regions. The main functions of the regions in a market economy are: protection and provision of the interests of the region within the country and abroad; support for the development of small and medium-sized, ensuring the interaction of the region with other regions; development of the economic potential of the region; creating an attractive environment for investors; increasing the level of competitiveness. From the function of developing the economic potential of the region, the function of creating an attractive environment for investors follows, and in combination, these two functions lead to the implementation of the function of increasing the level of competitiveness of the region. Now it can be argued that the regions have become practically independent subjects of the market economy, which, based on the analysis of their socio-economic indicators, develop and implement strategies for their own development and strive to increase their competitiveness in comparison with other regions. The article analyzes the main theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the competitiveness of the region. The factors influencing the development of regions are revealed: socio-economic, budgetary and financial, geographical, resource efficiency, volume of innovation, entrepreneurship, standard of living, ecology, infrastructure development. The most competitive are those regions in which the listed factors have a high level and, in general, serve as an indicator of its effective development. The study of this material will allow you to acquire the skills to effectively use the competitive advantages of the region in its strategic development.
The article is devoted to the need to analyze the mortgage insurance market of the Russian Federation from The article examines the essence of mortgage insurance, analyzes the indicators of the mortgage insurance market, the structure of mortgage insurance, the ratio of insurance premiums and payments. The current trend of economic development makes it problematic to build up mortgage lending and, as a result, mortgage insurance. Mortgage insurance acts as a tool for servicing a mortgage loan, protecting the lender from non-receipt of payment on the loan in the event of termination of payments, and the borrower, in the event of an extraordinary event, from possible financial and judicial problems.
To study the theoretical foundations of mortgage insurance, such general scientific research methods were used as formalization, theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction.
In the course of the study, the following conclusions were formulated: mortgage insurance in Russia can be carried out only by licensed organizations, provided that they conclude a cooperation agreement with JSC Dom.rf or directly with the lender. This is a stagnant factor in the development of the mortgage insurance market.
In the course of the study, measures were developed to improve the efficiency of the mortgage insurance market by developing additional voluntary insurance, which will be the guarantors of the return of the mortgage loan amount in case of unforeseen situations and will reduce the risks of not only the recipient of the mortgage loan, but also the bank and the insurance company. The article calculated the approximate economic effect of the introduction of a system of additional voluntary mortgage insurance.
The author analyzes the change in residential real estate prices during the pandemic in 2020-2021. In the context of the previous period, when the dynamics of prices in the real estate market was subject to a limited number of factors, in the period under review, the number of factors increased significantly. The most important changes that have occurred in the macroeconomic environment and have affected the cost of facilities, the author considers the reduction in the number of supply, the state program to support families and virginity, lower mortgage rates, credit holidays, low level of deposit profitability. All these factors acted simultaneously, which created a synergistic effect, which was expressed in a change in prices for real estate by 23.18% in the "secondary" market, and by 31.54% in the housing market under construction. In addition to the above main factors, the rise in housing costs was also affected by various consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: the closure of borders and flights, the shortage of labor in construction companies, the transition to remote work, which, accordingly, increased the value of housing, which for many Russian citizens also became a place of work. Due to the fact that the real estate market does not belong to highly organized markets due to its specificity, due to the low standardization of goods (real estate objects) and low standardization of prices, this factor leads to the complexity of price and market management by government agencies. Accordingly, price management in this market should be carried out through indirect levers.