The article reflects the main results of the functioning of the financial market as the main element of the market infrastructure, as well as the prospects of its development taking into account the current trends of digitalization of the economy. The purpose of the article is to analyze and identify the prospects of development of the financial market of Kyrgyzstan at the present stage of economic development. Indeed, at present, various information developments used in economic processes are becoming increasingly relevant and widespread. This is a consequence of the development of another scientific and technological revolution. In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, the IT industry plays an important role in the development of the digital economy. The demand for information technology is growing every year at an accelerated pace. At the same time, the number of applied financial innovations is increasing in the financial market, the range of applied financial services with the use of IT-technologies is growing. In this regard, the role of the financial market in the country’s economy is to mobilize capital from diverse sources and allocate it efficiently. It is in the financial market where market prices for particular financial instruments and services are formed. Therefore, the most critical issue arising here is to form a robust and efficiently functioning financial market in order to ensure adequate circulation of financial capital for further economic development of Kyrgyzstan. The article provides an analysis of the financial market of the Kyrgyz Republic, highlights the main problems of its development and justified the need for further development of the fictitious capital market with a focus on the use of various kinds of financial innovations, as it is in the financial sector is widely used practice of introduction and application of various kinds of innovations. The consequence of this argument can be considered the emergence of cryptocurrency, which is one of the main elements of the digital economy, used in economic processes on a global scale. The relevance and importance of the provisions discussed in the article is now increasing due to the strengthening of integration processes, which can dramatically affect the sectoral structure of Kyrgyzstan.

The problem of improving the mechanisms for evaluating the work of teachers is relevant and therefore attracts the attention of researchers. The purpose of this article is to develop a justification for the need to make adjustments and changes in the rating methodology, taking into account the age characteristics of teachers. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks were set and solved: an analysis of the scientific literature on the identified problem was carried out, specific problems that may arise when evaluating the work of teachers of higher educational institutions are identified. In the article, the problem of adapting young teachers to working conditions in a higher educational institution is considered as an interdisciplinary problem. The article analyzes the methodology of rating system for the activity of teachers operating in the federal budgetary state educational institution of higher education Omsk State Technical University. Based on this analysis, its characteristic features were identified, and the positive and negative sides of this system were identified. One of the negative aspects is that the age characteristics of such a category as young teachers are not fully taken into account in the rating system operating in OmGTU. Within the framework of the study, directions were formulated in which the current at the moment Omsk State Technical University methodology of rating system for assessing teachers' activities taking into account the age characteristics of young teachers should be transformed. The results obtained can be applied to improve the methodology of rating system for assessing the activities of teachers operating in OmGTU, as well as in other higher educational institutions.

The article deals with the issue of state influence on the demographic situation in society through tax policy. The authors consider this influence through a tax on bachelors, single and childless citizens in the period of the USSR. He meant the payment in favor of the state of the amounts of citizens who have no children. Soviet statistics allows us to conclude that a tax on bachelors, single and childless citizens could not force the family, in particular, a woman, to bear children, due to the importance of the wife’s opinion on the husband’s opinion in the family about the number of children in the family. Describes the negative aspects of the tax in question from an ethical point of view, cites the opinion of the President of the Russian Federation on the feasibility of introducing this tax to date. Considering the modern period, the authors consider the role of standard and social tax deductions for personal income tax in regulating the demographic situation in society. First, the standard tax deduction for children allows you to reduce the tax base if there are children in the family. In turn, social tax deductions for parents in case their child is a full-time student are also important in this area. However, the authors due to their inefficiency question such measures. The result of the article is the development of proposals to change the existing principles for the provision of deductions for personal income tax, in particular, the amount of each deduction should be increased, or the principles of their provision should be changed.

The article considers the concept of involvement as a possible effective mechanism for the integration of Russian regions in order to substantiate and understand the interests of regional enterprises in the development of import substitution. Since the concept of involvement of stakeholders for the development of regional development programs is relatively new for science and for the practice of state and regional management, now most of the practice in this area is presented in a descriptive format: what and how to do, for what, what happened. So far, most of the research is focused on the involvement of residents for the development of territories, but recently there has been a significant interest in the involvement of business and corporations in the development of territories and the development of coordinated strategies. In this regard, the analysis of secondary data and describes the experience of the Netherlands in the development of urban management. The article also presents the Russian experience (St. Petersburg, the Republic of Tatarstan and Sverdlovsk region) in attracting residents and business representatives to participate in the development and competitive selection of regional programs and projects. The analysis identifies two levels of interaction between potential stakeholders and the region: the level of the consultant and the level of the partner, which, in turn, involve different integration of joint activities. Also some problems of integration of Federal plans and programs with regional development programs, in particular, on development of import-substituting productions and technologies are designated. In particular, it is weak communication and inflexibility of regional strategies in terms of their updating to the current tasks and priorities.

This article discusses the strategic management of metallurgical enterprises. The special role of the metallurgical industry enterprises, which is the basis and the largest element of the modern economy of the Russian Federation, plays a significant role in shaping the country's macroeconomic indicators, is emphasized. The assessment of the role of the management structures of JSC "KMAruda Plant" in identifying the relevant problems of the strategic development of the enterprise related to innovation, modernization and diversification issues is presented. The purpose of this study is to assess the strategic planning of JSC “Combine KMAruda”. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: generalization of theoretical positions in the field of strategy formation at the enterprise of JSC KMAruda Combine; presentation of the results of the expert survey conducted by the management of JSC “KMAruda Works”; study of the mechanism for developing a strategic map in the strategic management system. The methodology of this article was built in accordance with the basic provisions of a systematic approach, the requirements of which determined the cause-effect direct and feedback relationships. The metallurgical industry of Russia belongs to the basic and largest sectors of the national economy and plays an important role in the formation of the country's macroeconomic indicators. As a theoretical basis, the article used the work of domestic and foreign scientists on issues of strategic management, including management of the metallurgical complex, strategic planning, statistics. Sources of information are economic and other special literature, articles from periodicals, research results, the experience of leading foreign companies. As a result of this research, various types of tools and mechanisms of strategic management are reasonably highlighted: organizational, social, economic, informational. The study was carried out under the grant of the President of the Russian Federation on state support of the leading scientific schools No. NS-9726.2016.6 "Implementation of the state economic policy through the development of strategic and indicative planning tools."

In the era of birth rate reduction and aging of the population, the socio-economic well-being of the Russian regions largely depends on the involvement of compatriots living abroad. Currently, the Russian Federation has defined the migration policy, formed the legal framework governing both migration issues in general and in relation to this social group. However, the scientific analysis shows that the effectiveness of state support measures for compatriots is not high enough, and there are problems with the resettlement process structuring. The paper analyzes the existing measures of state support for compatriots living abroad, and general problems of their resettlement in Russia. It is concluded that due to the lack of solutions at the national level on a number of legal, socio-economic, housing and other issues, the number of migrants in Omsk region remains low: during the period of 2013 - 2017 the total number of compatriots-immigrants amounted to 30 thousand people. The analysis results suggest that it is necessary to improve the legal framework for official registration of papers for naturalization of compatriots and remove contradictions in this process, as well as improve the issues of assistance in employment and solve the housing problems of immigrants. It is important to restore the trust and interest of compatriots in this state program, as far as compatriots in particular are mostly ready for socio-economic and psychological adaptation. Therefore, the theme of the paper is relevant, as it discusses the search for fresh approaches to improving the demographic situation in Russian regions through the involvement of compatriots living abroad by improving state support measures

In the process of research, our goal was to identify the opportunities for the population of different countries to receive income from the exchange business, which in turn depends on the degree of development of this sphere in individual states, the financial situation of potential participants in the game on the stock exchange, their knowledge of the structure of a particular exchange, as well as the experience and personal qualities of the players. The article presents monographic studies of the definitions "stock exchange", "yield", "risk", "game on the stock exchange"; the distinctive features of different types of exchanges, their characteristics, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of playing on them; the results of factor analysis of the largest exchange organizations for 2017; offered their own interpretation of the concepts of "profitability of the game on the stock exchange" and "the risk of playing on the stock exchange"; the diagram illustrating classification of stock exchanges on the basis of an exchange commodity is shown. The state of the exchange business on a global scale as well as on the territory of the Russian Federation was investigated; certain features of the legal regulation of this sphere in Russia are revealed; made conclusions about the level and trends of the development of the exchange market in various countries of the world. According to the results of the study, some indicators characterizing the activity of exchange organizations are presented, a comparison of these indicators between different countries and exchanges is made, and explanations on their values are given. Also, the relationship between exchange transactions with the economy of the country was determined, as well as with the development of the most important branches of the national economy and the role of the exchange market in the stability of the state economic system and ensuring economic security.

The article deals with the main indicators of the transport complex of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district. The aim of the study is to highlight the main problems and consider the prospects of development of the transport complex of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district. The main tasks of development of the transport complex of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district are identified. The study describes the program of development of the transport complex of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district. The main documents regulating the development of the transport complex as part of a comprehensive program for the development and deployment of the productive forces of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district for the period 2008-2020 and 2030 are indicated. The article presents a study of various types of transport support of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, such as pipeline, air, road, rail transport. The system of highways of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is described. It is revealed that the General state of transport infrastructure does not meet the needs of economic development and does not provide the necessary quality of life of the population of the district. The strategy of transport development of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug from the point of view of logistics centers is considered. The important distribution centers of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - Novy Urengoy and Salekhard are highlighted. Major transport projects in the Ural Federal district, which can positively affect the transport accessibility of the territory and significantly increase its investment attractiveness, are considered. The main activities aimed at the development of railway, road, air and water transport of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district are listed. It should be noted that a significant part of the projects affects the territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district, as well as the fact that the transport complex of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district will develop dynamically only if the entire complex of transport projects of the Ural Federal district is implemented.

The article is devoted to the need to change and / or supplement the systems for evaluating the effectiveness of the development of mass physical culture and systems for evaluating the effects of state, regional or municipal programs for the development of sports and physical culture of citizens of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is connected with the transition of budgets of all levels to the program-targeted principles of planning budget expenditures. The aim of the work is to clarify the performance indicators for assessing the development of physical culture and sports for use in developing state programs. Analytical and statistical research methods were used as research methods. Based on the analysis of existing state programs for the development of the IFC, it was concluded that the current assessment system is incomplete and does not meet the requirements of clarity and accuracy of performance evaluation. Therefore, the authors of the proposed article developed the necessary classification for these purposes, which includes the most objective indicators with which you can assess the degree of development of the system of functioning of physical culture in the regions. This system of indicators can be used for more effective control over the implementation of programs and the use of targeted funds allocated from budgets of different levels. At the end of the article it was concluded that the work was carried out, the rationale of the objectivity of the presented classification of indicators. Also, the authors propose this article to the attention of representatives of state authorities and administrations who develop state programs for the development of mass culture and sports in the Russian Federation, regions and municipalities.

The article discusses the regulatory basis of the state monitoring system in the field of intercultural and interconfessional relations as one of the components of the implementation of the intercultural politics in the Russian Federation. The main task of monitoring is to collect information indicating the emergence of conflict situations. The monitoring results will be used for effective management solutions and to assess the activities of the leadership of the subjects of the Federation and local governments. The goals and objectives of monitoring defined by regulatory acts are aimed at automating and centralizing data collection on the state of interethnic and interconfessional relations based on big data analysis technology and creating situational centers in the regions designed to ensure prompt response to emerging conflicts. The focus on obtaining a real-time data stream to analyze the current situation will not allow identifying all emerging threats. The sociological component of monitoring is mainly reduced to tracking target indicators envisaged by the implementation of the Federal Target Program. This task of the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation is entrusted to the Federal Security Service, which makes it difficult to analyze and improve the methodology of sociological surveys. Sociological studies carried out by the Federal Agency for Nationalities and the subjects of the federation in the field of interethnic and interfaith relations are poorly integrated into the monitoring system because they do not fully correspond to the specific regulatory basis for monitoring tasks. Based on system analysisthe article concludesthat due to the regulatory legal acts, the focus of monitoring on the sphere of decision making narrows its predictive potential, which reduces the effectiveness of the state intercultural politics and requires improvement of the methodological and regulatory basis of monitoring.

The study is based on an analysis of the problems of administrative reform, which is actually a set of measures aimed at creating an effective system of government bodies. At the same time, as part of its implementation, a list of tasks was formulated, which included such things as: improving the quality and accessibility of services provided by the state, optimizing and streamlining the functions of executive bodies, and democratizing management. In the article, the authors analyze the concept of "effectiveness" and the possibility of its consolidation at the legislative level in the activities of the executive bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and therefore the content of the definitions of the very concept of "effectiveness" is considered through the prism of various scientific fields and knowledge unusual for "pure" jurisprudence , including such as philosophy, sociology and psychology. At the same time, in the declared work, there are special characteristics of efficiency, which will help to reflect the real situation and the state of affairs in each specific region of the country. In order to concretize the field of research interests and the possibility of practical application of the results of work, the authors' team in the article examines an up-to-date list of indicators for evaluating the performance of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which allows formulating and presenting their own vision of the classification of the performance evaluation of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The result of the study was a clear author's formulation of the concept of "effectiveness" in the activities of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which, taking into account the norms of the current national legislation, reflects the specifics of this sphere of public relations

The article is devoted to the concept of the investigating judge function in the criminal proceedings of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The relevance and novelty of the research topic are interrelated and are due to the debatable issue of the procedural status of the newly introduced subject of the criminal process of Kazakhstan - the investigating judge. Thus, the investigating judge, being a representative of the judiciary and entering the judicial system of Kazakhstan, carries out its activities exclusively in the pre-trial stage of the criminal process. At the same time, its activities are wider than the judicial control exercised by judges of courts of General jurisdiction. In this regard, the question of the functions of the investigating judge as one of the mandatory elements of his procedural status is updated. At the same time, the question of the functions of the investigating judge is relevant in the Russian legal science. This is due to the possible prospect of the introduction of this subject in the Russian criminal process. Thus, the addition of this legal institution and, accordingly, the addition of a new procedural figure to the ranks of the participants in the criminal process cannot but change the existing order of pre-trial proceedings, including in terms of the subject and limits of judicial control as one of the directions of the implementation of the judicial power, as well as its interaction with other subjects of pre-trial proceedings. In this regard, the experience of reforming the criminal procedure legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of the institution of the investigating judge for the modernization of judicial control in Russia is important. The purpose of the study is to define the concept of the functions of the investigating judge, as well as the establishment of the elements contained in this concept. To achieve this goal, General scientific methods are used, including the method of analysis-in the study of the concept of function in criminal proceedings, comparative analysis - in establishing the ratio of categories of criminal procedural functions and functions of participants in criminal proceedings, as well as the concepts of «function» and «powers». As a result of the study, the author's definition of the function of the investigating judge as a participant in the criminal process of the Republic of Kazakhstan is given.

The article summarizes the typical traces left by criminals as a result of robberies committed in open areas. The purpose of the work is to consider the provisions of the inspection of the scene in the investigation of robberies committed in open areas, taking into account the requirements of criminal procedure legislation and technical and tactical techniques of criminology. The methods used include: the study of documents (sample study of materials of criminal cases), survey (sample survey of practitioners with experience in the detection and investigation of crimes), dialectical, fundamental, literature analysis. The obtained results allowed to develop scientifically based recommendations for the detection, removal and use of traces left by criminals as a result of robberies committed in open areas. The scope of the scientific article in the practice of investigative and forensic units, the use in the educational process of law schools. The authors of the article came to the following conclusions: the investigation of robberies, because of its dynamism, time and information deficit, requires from the person conducting the investigation, high professionalism, based on deep theoretical knowledge of the laws of committing such crimes. The specifics of the inspection of the scene, which is an open area, is the safety of traces of the crime. When examining the scene of the incident, the nature of the traces left during the robberies largely depends on the place and method of its Commission, the subject of the criminal offense and other circumstances characterizing the actions of the criminal. Not only the place where the attack took place, but also the roads leading to it, the surrounding areas and premises should be inspected. This scientific article is aimed at solving the problems arising in the investigation of robberies committed in open areas and inspection of the scene, organizational, scientific and technical nature.

The article deals with the peculiarities of legal regulation of labor relations in different countries: in the Russian Federation, France, Great Britain, China and the United States of America, namely the employment procedure, the need to conclude an employment contract in writing or orally, the conditions of dismissal or termination of an employment contract on the initiative of an employee or employer, the obligation of compensation and working off in case of dismissal, the reasons for the impossibility of dismissal or termination of an employment contract on the initiative of the employer and the terms of notification. Labour legislation of different countries is analyzed from the point of view of implementation in them of the right to work, recognized in numerous international legal acts, in particular in the universal Declaration of human rights and the International Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights, as well as from the point of view of the recognition of the importance of labor as the conditions of human life, the underlying social relations by means of comparison and analysis methods. Separately, the article deals with the reflection in the legislation of different countries of labor rights of young employees and various examples of legislative initiatives in relation to youth as a significant and at the same time highly vulnerable element of social relations that determine the present and future state of society. The analysis of the normative aspects of the dismissal of workers allows us to draw a conclusion about the different status of the employee and the employer, about the different orientation of the rules of the right to protection primarily of the employee or the employer in different countries, allowing the state to maintain the system of social and labor relations in a state of stable equilibrium.

Fraud is the most profitable criminal among all forms of theft and tends to grow. The current practice in the application of norms of the criminal legal protection of property relations in sufficiently recognized successful. In practice, however, difficulties the qualification of the offences under art. 159 of the CRIMINAL CODE related to interpretation and clarification of the objective and subjective signs of fraud. Relevant to regarded remain, firstly, competition two ways this Act: fraud and abuse of trust, which in forensic activities causes legal uncertainty in choosing one of them. Secondly, attention is drawn to the fact that fraud may not be signs that are not in the legal definition of theft. It is, first of all, relates to understanding selfish purpose. Often, judges are forced to make a decision on whether or not the actions of a person the whole fraud is not the clear requirements of the Act and on the basis of their personal views on selfish goals or even intuitively. The aim of the research is to develop proposals to improve the criminal-law measures aimed an effective fight against fraud. Mostly made of the dogmatic method research aimed at exploring the legal concepts of criminal law. The authors of the article concluded: 1) breach of trust is not an alternative way of theft when committing fraud; 2) subjective symptom, including theft and fraud, did not lie mercenary goal, selfish motive, as the internal motivation for enrichment.

The article presents the results of an experimental study aimed at developing the creative abilities of children of primary school age through visual activity, within the framework of a specially developed program. The methodological basis of the research is the personality-activity approach, in the context of which creative abilities are considered as the basis for the success of the activity, and the junior schoolchild is the subject of activity; scientific principles: development (creative abilities are considered as dynamic education) and the principle of determinism, which implies the dependence of creative abilities on the factors that generate them and mechanisms. The theoretical basis for the study was the individual psychological theory of abilities B.M. Teplov, conceptual positions of the psychology of creativity and co-creation, ideas about the psychological essence and structure of creative abilities D.B. Bogoyavlenska. The following methods were used in the research: Torrens in imaginative creativity, projective technique "Drawing", "Progressive matrices" by J. Raven. Creative abilities are considered as integrative, dynamic education, formed on the basis of creative inclinations and determining the success of any activity that is creative. The structure of creative abilities includes cognitive (knowledge, skills, abilities), emotional (attitude toward creative activity) and motivational (the system of incentives for creative activity) components. On the basis of the developed criteria and indicators, the levels of development of the creative abilities of younger schoolchildren were revealed: high, middle, low. During the realization of the program, the number of children with a low level of creativity development decreased significantly, and with the middle - increased. The practical significance of the research is that the results obtained can be used to diagnose the creative abilities of students in the work of a psychologist, psychological services, and also in developing programs aimed at developing the creative abilities of children of different age groups.

The article is devoted to the description of the experience of teachers in the department of physical education of a pedagogical university in the field of building educational and training classes for students involved in the sports section on swimming. It is obvious that students whose future professional activity is not related to the teaching of physical culture and sports do not have any persistent motivation to take additional classes in sports specialization and to perform at competitions as part of the university team. Most of the students have a long break between workouts at school and in the section during the study at the university. Of course, that the academic discipline «Elective courses in physical culture and sport» is an integral part of both the educational and the educational process at the university. However, the organization of training sessions in extracurricular time in non-physic educational institutions has its own specifics and peculiarities. Questions of organization and methods of conducting classes in the section are extremely important and acquire additional importance due to the fact that these classes are part of the student’s independent work, help in preparing students for passing the control standards of the GTO All-Russian Sports Complex and performing at competitions for honor his high school. Methodical recommendations, as well as the structure of training sessions proposed in the article, can be applied by experts in the training process with students, taking into account their preparedness. The presented method of teaching the basics of swimming can be taken as the basis for training students of non-sports higher education institutions for the delivery of standards for swimming of the All-Russian Sports and Fitness Complex «GTO».

In this work, the key object is the establishment «of the formation of student’s self-development subjects of independence». This problem cannot be solved without theoretical conditionality, which allows to ensure its implementation. To determine the content, possibilities, conditions, management mechanisms of the formation of self-education subjects of self-education, it was necessary to turn to the essential characteristics of the concepts of «independence», «formation», «subject of self-education», «mechanism of management of the formation of a subjective position», revealed in -pedagogical literature, which determined the choice of the research concept, on the basis of which a solution to the problem, tasks and goal achievement is proposed. The psychological and pedagogical aspects of the concept of self-organization are considered, the main features defining independence as a psychological-pedagogical category. Independence is understood as one of the main qualities of a person, which is expressed in the readiness to set and achieve a specific goal, using his strength, to accomplish it. The methodology of synergetics is used as a systematic approach to the development of independence of future employees of the internal affairs of the Russia. The system approach is focused on the disclosure of the object being studied, which ensures the formation of MIA employees as subjects of self-development independence and allows you to reveal the individual and original way of development of each person. The features of the formation of the structure of the electronic information and educational environment with the requirements of the federal state educational standards of the new generation are given. Self-organization of independence, through the electronic informational and educational environment, requires intensive thinking from cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, solving various cognitive tasks and acts as a form and means of training that in each specific educational situation and discipline correspond to the achievement of a pedagogical goal

The article presents the procedural component of the method of teaching students to solve mathematical problems. On the basis of analysis of scientific and methodological literature, comparison, generalization and the study of teaching experience, a model of the problem solving process, represented by four stages: condition analysis, planning solution, implementation of solutions, studying of the computed solution is proposed by the author. The original result can be considered that these stages are filled with the content, which, on the one hand, is often a self-sustained object in the methodology of teaching mathematics, but, on the other hand, is a necessary and sufficient condition for the implementation of the stages of the solution of the problem. The last - mentioned allows us to talk about the theoretical and practical significance. The obtained results can be applied for the further theoretical research as a starting point, whereas the material of the article covers structurally all activities inherent in the solution of mathematical problems. The material of the article will be useful for students studying under the direction of “pedagogical education” as a material of a kind of lecture in which the positions of various authors on the teaching of solving mathematical problems have a single interpretation. The presented results will be of interest to a teacher - practitioner, as far as they can be a structural model for the developing his own methods for teaching students a specific type of mathematical problems. The positive role of solving the problem in achieving not only the mathematical subject results, but also personal and meta-subject results of teaching is multiply emphasized by the author in both intermediate and final conclusions. The second and fourth more heuristic stages will increasingly contribute to this in comparison with the first and second more algorithm-driven stages of solving the problem.

This article deals with informal education as an element of an integral continuous educational system with an internal complex structure. The aim of the article is to substantiate the topicality of informal education in the context of continuing adult education (formal, non-formal and informal education). The article presents a comparative description of continuing education types and takes into account legal documents and author's position. The author comes to the conclusion about the obvious advantages of informal education over formal and informal education which are manifested in the orientation to self-realization, focused on the personal increment of adult learners and the further management of their own educational space, taking into account personal interests, desires, needs, opportunities, interpersonal interaction that saturates the socio-cultural environment,which in general enriches formal and informal education. Based on the research of A.V. Okereshko, Patrick Penland (Pittsburgh) this article presents the reasons for choosing adult self-learning to formal education. The author conducted etymological studies of the origin of the notion "informal education" and to analyze the topicality the author conducted a content analysis of modern Russian and foreign scientific articles, monographs, texts of doctoral and master's theses, materials of scientific-practical conferences, published in the period from 2000 to 2018 in the largest digital libraries “eLIBRARY.RU” and “CYBERLENINKA”. The chosen semantic units were the notions "informal education/ informal education/ informal learning". The author comes to the conclusion that the combination of all three types of education (formal, non-formal and informal) in the system of continuing education allows to provide a mobile reorientation of the education system to prepare a person for life with changing conditions and encourage him to search for new approaches to its qualitative change.

This article presents the technology of constructivism as a training technology in preparing education graduate students for scientific and research activity using information and communication technologies (ICTs). Objectives of research: to consider the theoretical aspect of the constructivism technology, to apply it in preparing education graduate students for scientific and research activities using ICTs. Research methods: independent characteristics generalization method, analysis, comparison. Constructivism is an interpretation of the origin of knowledge about the essence of things, the genetic theory of knowledge. It is based on the fundamental function of the cognitive process of the surrounding reality. As a result of the cognitive activity, in constructivism attention is drawn to the interpretation of the essence of phenomena and objects of the world, their understanding and personal comprehension are developed. The main principles of constructivism are: the learning process is active, the learner applies his knowledge and experience to realize new knowledge, a phenomenon, a system of phenomena; the basis for creating new knowledge is intelligent actions; they provide for communication and social activity; the learning activity is contextual; it requires time and motivation. Considering the provisions of constructivism within the framework of the learner-centered education paradigm, it is understood that their use can be efficient in preparing education graduate students for scientific and research activities using ICTs. Results of research: in preparing education graduate students for scientific and research activities using ICTs, the technology of constructivism is used, in the implementation of which situations are created in which learners feel successful and get involved in an independent search for ways to solve learning problems, which makes the learning process productive.