DETERMINING THE BOUNDARIES OF THE STATE’S INTERESTS IN THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF MARKETPLACES IN THE RF: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The article considers the issue of legal regulation of the activities of marketplaces (online retail sites) from the point of view of determining definitions, operating conditions and features of their legal status. The subject of the study is the evolution of civil legislation regulating the activities of online retail trading platforms in the field of consumer protection and antimonopoly regulation.
The author draws attention to the lagging nature of the legislative consolidation of already established forms and practices of online trading via marketplaces. She notes that marketplaces seeking to create their own «ecosystems» enter the areas of legal and economic regulation, which are traditionally considered to belong to the state. The evolution of ideas about online trading and marketplaces as the main platforms for it in the legislation of the Russian Federation is traced. It is stated that until now the term «marketplace» has not received a single legal definition, and attempts to form it are limited to a relatively cursory glance on the digital platform as an information agent, which through the use of computer programs provides consumers with access to information about goods, gives them the opportunity to conclude a contract and pay for goods. Conclusions are drawn that the boundaries of interests, opportunities for influence and responsibility of marketplaces in the market system of the Russian Federation are not completely clear to either the legislator or the marketplaces themselves. However, the state actively controls the most conflicting area of relations — between marketplaces and buyers and does not so effectively grope the boundaries of their influence on the development of the Russian market

1. Bob Milward. Globalization? Internationalization and Monopoly Capitalism. Historical Process and Capitalist Dynamism. EE. Publ. 2003.

2. Calixto Salomão Filho. A Legal Theory of Economic Power. Cheltenham: Implications for Social and Economic Development, 2011. 240 p.

3. Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast` pervaya) ot 30.11.1994 N 51-FZ (s izm. i dop., vstup. v silu s 01.10.2023) // SPS «Konsul`tantPlyus».

4. Grazhdanskij kodeks Rossijskoj Federacii (chast` vtoraya)» ot 26.01.1996 N 14-FZ (red. ot 24.07.2023) // SPS «Konsul`tantPlyus».

5. Model`ny`j zakon ob e`lektronnoj torgovle: Postanovlenie 31-12 na 31-om plenarnom zasedanii Mezhparlamentskoj Assamblei gosudarstv-uchastnikov SN. Prinyat v g. Sankt-Peterburge 25.11.2008 // SPS «Konsul`tantPlyus».

6. Ob utverzhdenii Strategii razvitiya turizma v Rossijskoj Federacii na period do 2035 goda: Rasporyazhenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 20.09.2019 N 2129-r (red. ot 07.02.2022) // SPS «Konsul`tantPlyus».

7. Ob utverzhdenii Pravil prodazhi otdel`ny`x vidov tovarov, perechnya tovarov dlitel`nogo pol`zovaniya, na kotory`e ne rasprostranyaetsya trebovanie pokupatelya o bezvozmezdnom predostavlenii emu na period remonta ili zameny` analogichnogo tovara, i perechnya neprodovol`stvenny`x tovarov nadlezhashhego kachestva, ne podlezhashhix vozvratu ili obmenu na analogichny`j tovar drugix razmera, formy`, gabarita, fasona, rasczvetki ili komplektacii: Postanovlenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 19.01.1998 N 55 // SPS «Konsul`tantPlyus».

8. Ob utverzhdenii Pravil prodazhi otdel`ny`x vidov tovarov, perechnya tovarov dlitel`nogo pol`zovaniya, na kotory`e ne rasprostranyaetsya trebovanie pokupatelya o bezvozmezdnom predostavlenii emu na period remonta ili zameny` analogichnogo tovara, i perechnya neprodovol`stvenny`x tovarov nadlezhashhego kachestva, ne podlezhashhix vozvratuili obmenu na analogichny`j tovar drugix razmera, formy`, gabarita, fasona, rasczvetki ili komplektacii: Postanovlenie Pravitel`stva RF ot 31.12.2020 N 2463 // SPS «Konsul`tantPlyus».

9. Ob utverzhdenii Poryadka priema i vrucheniya vnutrennix registriruemy`x pochtovy`x otpravlenij: Prikaz AO «Pochta Rossii» ot 21.06.2022 N 230-p // SPS «Konsul`tantPlyus».

10. O vnesenii izmenenij v Federal`ny`j zakon «O zashhite konkurencii»: Federal`ny`j zakon ot 10.07.2023 N 301-FZ // SPS «Konsul`tantPlyus».

11. O vnesenii izmenenij v formu federal`nogo statisticheskogo nablyudeniya N 1-marketplejs (kratkaya) «Oprosny`j list obsledovaniya deyatel`nosti marketplejsov», utverzhdennuyu prikazom Rosstata ot 18 sentyabrya 2023 g. N 444»: Prikaz Rosstata ot 29.09.2023 N 475 // SPS «Konsul`tantPlyus».

12. O zashhite prav potrebitelej: Zakon RF ot 07.02.1992 N 2300-1 (red. ot 04.08.2023) // SPS «Konsul`tantPlyus».

13. Agapov D.S. Pravosub``ektnost` gosudarstva v usloviyax integracii pravovy`x sistem. // Vestnik TGU. — 2013. — №3 (119). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravosubektnost-gosudarstva-v-usloviyah-integratsii-pravovyh-sistem (data obrashheniya: 05.10.2023).

14. Ignat`eva I., Fedotov A. Issledovanie GfK: Trendy` povedeniya rossiyan v internete v 2017 godu. [E`lektronny`j resurs] // Issledovaniya ry`nka i oprosy` obshhestvennogo mneniya | Gfk. URL: https://www.gfk.com/ru/press/issledovanie-gfk-trendy-povedenija-rossijan-v-internete-v-2017-godu (data obrashheniya: 07.10.2023).

15. Internet-torgovlya v Rossii 2022 [E`lektronny`j resurs] // Data Insight. URL: https://datainsight.ru/sites/default/files/DI_eCommerce_Russia_2022_0.pdf (data obrashheniya: 07.10.2023).

16. Kovalenko A.I. Setevoj e`ffekt kak priznak dominiruyushhego polozheniya cifrovy`x platform // Sovremennaya konkurenciya. — 2020. — №1 — (77). — URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/setevoy-effekt-kak-priznakdominiruyuschego-polozheniya-tsifrovyh-platform (data obrashheniya: 06.10.2023).

17. Kudryavceva L.V., Sarkisyan D.S. Korporacii v mezhdunarodnom chastnom prave. // Agrarnoe i zemel`noe pravo. — 2020. — №10 (190). — URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/korporatsii-v-mezhdunarodnom-chastnomprave (data obrashheniya: 28.09.2023).

18. Minervin I.G. Sovremennaya korporaciya i teoriya firmy`. // Social`ny`e i gumanitarny`e nauki: Otechestvennaya i zarubezhnaya literatura. — Ser. 2, E`konomika: Referativny`j zhurnal. — 2018. — №4. — URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovremennaya-korporatsiya-i-teoriya-firmy (data obrashheniya: 05.10.2023).

19. Pletnev D. A. Opredelenie ponyatiya «Korporaciya»: terminologicheskij diskurs v kontekste. // Vestnik ChelGU. — 2009. — №2. — URL:URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/opredelenie-ponyatiya-korporatsiya-terminologicheskiydiskurs-v-kontekste (data obrashheniya: 28.09.2023).

20. Ryazanov V.T. Nadnacional`ny`e i nacional`ny`e regulyatory` v usloviyax global`noj e`konomicheskoj nestabil`nosti. // Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. E`konomika. — 2012. — №2. — URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nadnatsionalnye-i-natsionalnye-regulyatory-v-usloviyah-globalnoy-ekonomicheskoy-nestabilnosti (data obrashheniya: 05.10.2023).

21. Popov E. Kak pandemiya povliyala na uroven` cifrovy`x navy`kov rossiyan. // Institut statisticheskix issledovanij i e`konomiki znanij. URL: https://issek.hse.ru/news/704025190.html (data obrashheniya: 07.10.2023).

22. Shapkin I.N. Teoretiko-metodologicheskie istoki teorii korporativizma // Gumanitarny`e nauki: Vestnik Finansovogo universiteta. — 2016. — №3 (23). — URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/teoretiko-metodologicheskieistoki-teorii-korporativizma (data obrashheniya: 05.10.2023).

23. Shendrik P.V. Teoreticheskie osobennosti funkcionirovaniya marketplejsov. // MNIZh. — 2022. — №10 (124). — URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/teoreticheskie-osobennosti-funktsionirovaniya-marketpleysov (data obrashheniya: 06.10.2023).

24. Ozon — o kompanii: sajt [E`lektronny`j resurs] // Ozon, 2022 — . — URL: https://corp.ozon.ru (data obrashheniya: 07.10.2023).