ANALYSIS OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO TEACHING COMPUTER SCIENCE IN BILINGUAL CLASSROOMS

The paper examines methodological approaches to teaching computer science in bilingual classrooms. The aim of the study is to identify effective teaching strategies that promote the development of both subject-specific and linguistic competencies in a dual-language educational environment. The research employs methods of theoretical analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, and synthesis of domestic and international practices. The study considers the impact of bilingual education on students’ cognitive development, including executive functions, attention, and critical and flexible thinking. Key challenges are identified, such as insufficient academic language proficiency, cross-linguistic interference, and a lack of adapted materials and digital resources. The paper describes effective methodological approaches, including Content and Language Integrated Learning, translanguaging, discourse-based teaching, project-based learning, and the use of digital and game-based technologies. Practical examples of their implementation in the learning process are provided. Recommendations are proposed for teacher training, the integration of modern educational platforms, and support for linguistic diversity. The results can be applied in the design of bilingual computer science courses and the development of teaching materials for multilingual schools.

1. An J., Macaro E., Childs A. Language focused episodes by monolingual teachers in English Medium Instruction science lessons. Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education. 2019. 7 (2). Pp. 166–191. DOI: 10.1075/jicb.18019.an.

2. Oattes H., Oostdam R., De Graaff R., Fukkink R., Wilschut A. Content and Language Integrated Learning in Dutch bilingual education: How Dutch history teachers focus on second language teaching. Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics. 2018. 7 (2). Pp. 156–176. DOI: 10.1075/dujal.18003.oat.

3. Tan M. Mathematics and science teachers’ beliefs and practices regarding the teaching of language in content learning. Language Teaching Research. 2011. 15 (3). Pp. 325–342. DOI: 10.1177/1362168811401153.

4. Danilova T. A. Bilingual education in the context of integration into the global educational paradigm. URL: https://dspace.kpfu.ru/xmlui/handle/net/160070

5. Babich I. M., Omarova V. K., et al. Integration of IBL and CLIL in the preparation of future teachers for teaching natural sciences in a multilingual environment. Obrazovaniye i nauka = Education and Science. 2021; 2: 25–38. DOI: 10.15507/1991-9468.102.025.202102-8. (In Russ.).

6. Mironova I. N. Basic principles and reasons for the implementation of subject-language integrated learning. Trudy MosGU = Proceedings of Moscow State University. 2018; 1: 45–52. (In Russ.).

7. Mikheeva N. F. Bilingual education and foreign language teaching. Vestnik RUDN. Seriya: Voprosy obrazovaniya = RUDN University Bulletin. Series: Educational Issues. 2019; 4: 33–41. (In Russ.).

8. Bedebaeva M. E., Kadirbaeva R. I. Blended learning methodology for a school computer science course using the CLIL approach. Informatika i obrazovaniye = Computer Science and Education. 2021. No. 3. pp. 72–80. (In Russ.).

9. Kydyrbaeva G. B., Stambekova A. S. Attitude of future primary school teachers to CLIL technologies in multilingual education. Vestnik NAN RK = Bulletin of the NAS RK. 2022. No. 4. pp. 60–69. (In Russ.).

10. Bialystok E., Barac R. Cognitive effects of bilingualism: How linguistic experience leads to cognitive development. Cognitive Education and Research. 2013. 12. Pp. 13–23.

11. Duarte J. Translanguaging in mainstream education: A sociocultural approach. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 2019. 22 (2). 150–164. DOI: 10.1080/13670050.2016.1231774.

12. Rubio-Alcalá F. D., Arco-Tirado J. L., Fernández-Martin F. D., López-Lechuga R., Barrios E., Pavón-Vázquez V. A systematic review on evidences supporting quality indicators of bilingual, plurilingual and multilingual programs in higher education. Educational Research Review. 2019. 27. Pp. 191–204. DOI: 10.1016/j.edurev.2019.03.003.

13. Grosjean F. Bilingual: Life and Reality. Harvard University Press, 2010. URL: https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674048874

14. Peal E., Lambert W. The relation of bilingualism to intelligence. Psychological Monographs. 1962. DOI: 10.1037/h0093840.

15. Bialystok E. Bilingualism: The good, the bad, and the indifferent. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 2009. DOI: 10.1017/S1366728908003477.

16. Bialystok E., Craik F. Cognitive and linguistic processing in the bilingual mind. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 2010. DOI: 10.1177/0963721409358571.

17. Bialystok E. Reshaping the mind: The benefits of bilingualism. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology. 2011. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4341987/

18. Diamond A. The evidence base for improving school outcomes by addressing the whole child and enhancing executive functions. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 2010. URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10409289.2010.514522

19. Cummins J. BICS and CALP: Empirical and theoretical status of the distinction. In: Encyclopedia of Language and Education. 2008. DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-30424-3_36.

20. Mechelli A., Crinion J. T., Noppeney U., O’Doherty J., Ashburner J., Frackowiak R. S., Price C. J. Structural plasticity in the bilingual brain. Nature. 2004. 431 (7010). P. 757. URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/431757a

21. Costa A., Hernández M., Sebastián-Gallés N. Bilingualism aids conflict resolution. Psychological Science. 2008. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6528551_Bilingualism_aids_conflict_resolution_Evidence_from_the_ANT_task

22. Kroll J. F., Bialystok E. Understanding the consequences of bilingualism for language processing and cognition. Journal of Cognitive Psychology. 2013. URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/20445911.2013.799170

23. Kharkhurin A. V. Multilingualism and Creativity. Multilingual Matters, 2012. URL: https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.21832/9781847697967/html

24. Garbin G., Sanjuan A., Forn C., Bustamante J. C., Rodríguez-Pujadas A., Belloch V., Ávila C. Bridging language and attention: Brain basis of the impact of bilingualism on cognitive control. NeuroImage. 2010. 53 (4). Pp. 1272–1278. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811910012795

25. Marian V., Shook A. The cognitive benefits of being bilingual. Cerebrum: The Dana Forum on Brain Science. 2012. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3583091/

26. Valian V. Bilingualism and cognition. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science. 2015. URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bilingualism-language-and-cognition/article/abs/bilingualism-and-cognition/CCC95B8238C4CDDD92B3ABFFCD0CF2AE

27. Garcia O., Lin A. M. Translanguaging in Bilingual Education. Springer, 2017. URL: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-02258-1

28. Cenoz J., Gorter D. Multilingual Education: Between Language Learning and Translanguaging. Cambridge University Press, 2015. URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/multilingual-education/5D5A6D5A6D5A6D5A6D5A6D5A6D5A6D5

29. Baker C. Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. Multilingual Matters, 2011. URL: https://www.multilingual-matters.com/page/detail/Foundations-of-Bilingual-Education-and-Bilingualism/?k=9781847693556

30. Hamers J. F., Blanc M. H. Bilinguality and Bilingualism. Cambridge University Press, 2000. URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/bilinguality-and-bilingualism/9D6A6D6A6D6A6D6A6D6A6D6A6D6A6D6

31. Marian V., Spivey M. J. Competing activation in bilingual language processing. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 2003. URL: https://bilingualism.northwestern.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Marian-Spivey-2003.pdf

32. Valdés G., Fishman J. A., Chávez R., Pérez W. Developing Minority Language Resources. Multilingual Matters, 2014. URL: https://www.multilingual-matters.com/page/detail/Developing-Minority-Language-Resources/?k=9781783092444

33. Coyle D., Hood P., Marsh D. CLIL: Content and Language Integrated Learning. Cambridge University Press, 2010. URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/clil/8CE6E9D2E6D8E5F4A9E6C7E9F4F8E5F4

34. Dalton-Puffer C. Discourse in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) Classrooms. John Benjamins Publishing, 2007. URL: https://benjamins.com/catalog/lllt.20

35. Genesee F. Educating English Language Learners. Cambridge University Press, 2004. URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/educating-english-language-learners/1C127EB0BECE8AD9AFF90F153BFDE636

36. Lyster R. Learning and Teaching Languages Through Content. John Benjamins Publishing, 2007. URL: https://benjamins.com/catalog/lllt.18

37. Garcia O., Wei L. Translanguaging: Language, Bilingualism and Education. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. URL: https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137385765

38. Meskill C. Online Teaching and Learning: Sociocultural Perspectives. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2013. URL: https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/online-teaching-and-learning-9781441159458/

39. Kirriemuir J., McFarlane A. Literature review in games and learning. Futurelab Report. 2004. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32231341_Literature_Review_in_Games_and_Learning

40. Gee J. P. What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. URL: https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781403984531