Civil law definitions from the perspective of mercenary property crimes

The article deals with the problems of regulation of property relations by the norms of civil and criminal law in the field of protecting the interests of individuals and legal entities, primarily from mercenary property crimes. The subject of the study is criminal and civil legislation, as well as judicial and investigative practice in terms of the qualification of theft, the concepts of "owner", "property", "property right", "someone else's property", etc., in civil and criminal law. The object of the research is the social relations regulating the right of ownership. The aim of the work is to determine the relationship between civil and criminal law concepts aimed at correctly establishing the signs of crimes against property. The main research methods used were dogmatic and comparative-legal.

The author draws attention to the confusion of civil and criminal legislation, to the tendencies of substitution of civil legal relations with criminal law relations, and vice versa. The definitions of the signs of civil and criminal law relations and the criteria for their differentiation are presented. It is also concluded: the owner is actually equated with another legal owner; gratuitousness does not always coincide with equivalence; about the moment when the discovery of a thing escalates into its theft; it is inadmissible to resolve a civil dispute with the help of criminal law; it is necessary to improve civil and criminal legislation aimed at protecting the rights of bona fide business entities from unjustified criminal punishment; When distinguishing non-fulfillment of civil obligations from fraud, it is necessary to establish the person's intent to illegally seize someone else's property and the lack of a real opportunity for him to fulfill obligations at the time of the transaction.

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